NETWORK ... The network concept was born from the growing awareness that reality very diverse as nature, society, communication, economics, urban growth, immigration, ... seem to work at the same way and can be investigated and interpreted in order to find solutions to problems.
The common element is in the structure ORGANISATION OF SAFETY + lattice constant dynamic, able to transform, grow, break up and evolve ways and with potential applications not yet completely clear. The core of this organizational structure lattice there are mathematical laws that can describe and quantify, such as to permit the identification of similar properties can explain the relationships that determine how and with which the network grows and lives.
The company is rapidly changing. This statement is very well known so vague, but certainly true. What interests us of this complexity is able to reap the benefits, this is possible by committing to understand the logic of the networks and their operation.
A network is defined as a series of nodes interconnected through direct or indirect links that form a complex web of relationships. The comportamentro nodes depends on the quantity and quality of links. The attractive force of a node, within or outside their own membership determines peculiarities compared to other nodes.
The existence of an organization's network was already theorized by the inventor at the end of 700 of graph theory (mother of the concept of the network!), the mathematician Euler: thought the network consists of nodes and links, organized in a totally random and capable of positively or negatively affect the possibilities for action.
Now ... applying to our world, increasingly interconnected, globalized and populated, the network model randomly distributed we describe it as consisting of a collection of more than six billion nodes, and connections / relationships that allow people to interact in network without any privileged position.
The first experiment applied to social networks from the late 60s made by the sociologist Milgram: he discovered that just a chain of six people (on average!) - 6 degrees of separation - to relate any individual on the planet with any other. It is certain that it was found that while an individual may need only three steps to connect with "Harry " there will be someone else to connect to the same individual will go to 50/70/100 or more degrees of separation. In addition to noting this case types of nodes with few connections, some details so few as to render impossible the establish new ones, it refutes the theory of random composition of the network, which provides that there are no privileged positions.
Another experiment conducted by the sociologist Granovetter, studies the prevailing mode in which people find themselves a job.
Granovetter introduces the concept of clustering to define groups of people in companies with ties more or less strong, stable and consolidated. He showed that, contrary to what one might think, those weak ties are more effective to find a job. This because the members have ties to the same cluster more and more intense in the same group, while referring to an individual belonging to another cluster comes into contact, however weak and indirect, with clusters differs from that s belongs to.
So weak bonds with different nodes of the clusters are the bridge with different people, distant and can generate new opportunities.
In the latter reference I quote the Italian economist Pareto who developed the 900 beginning of the rule of 'second 80/20 that only a few people had much of the wealth of an entire region, and this again stressed that the organization of a network is by no means settled the case, but from a position more or less "prestigious" of the nodes and the types of bond that with it there.
Current research refer to the work of Barabasi and his discoveries: the networks grow according to a logarithmic distribution, ties nodes most strongly growing more quickly than those who have few connections and networks through various stages of transition .
Barabasi with the discovery of the largest increase in connections to the most connected nodes in the network, the definition the existence of hub. A hub is a node with a high number of connections and easier to reach for other people.
"The concepts of network theory and knowledge of mathematical laws that seem to govern the development of structured environment reticolarehanno characterized in recent years a new and potentially rich market, that of online social networking understood as online community space in which to build and manage relational paths with people near and far, known or unknown, due to personal and professional, and finally to achieve business goals. "
(Cited Complexlab-Carlo Mazzucchelli, "Linkedin Ergo Sum. From the mouth to the boom of social networking." December 2005)
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